Wednesday, 27 September 2023

A Study Of American Literature - I Paper No. 13 " The Beloved " By Toni Morrison.

                                          The Beloved
                                                    -By Toni Morrison
                                                   
Beloved by Toni Morrison

π‘°π’π’•π’“π’π’…π’–π’„π’•π’Šπ’π’ π’•π’ π’•π’‰π’† π’‚𝒖𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒓 :

✔︎ Toni Morrison, an American author, novelist, essayist, editor & college professor. 
✔︎ Explored the experience & roles of black woman in a racist & AP male dominated society.
 ✔︎ Born on 18th February 1931, as Chloe Anthony Wofford in Ohio.
✔︎ Here, her parents moved to escape the problems of southern racism. 
✔︎ Her family were migrants, sharecroppers. lly were mi
✔︎ Entered .
✔︎ Awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1993.
✔︎She won the Pulitzer Prize for Beloved also.


π‘°π’π’•π’“π’π’…π’–π’„π’•π’Šπ’π’ π’•π’ π’•π’‰π’† π‘΅π’π’—𝒆𝒍 :

✔︎ Published in 1987
✔︎Classified historic fiction, gothic horror story & bildungsroman.
✔︎ Her most celebrated novel
✔︎ Inspired by the true story of an enslaved black African- American woman, Margaret Garner, who escaped from Kentucky plantation with her husband Robert and their children.
✔︎ In this novel, Morrison drew on a Cincinnati murder case arising from a woman's sacrifice of her children to keep them out of the grasp of slave catches.
✔︎ Garner had killed her two years old daughter, rather than allow her to be recaptured. 
✔︎ Beloved's main character Sethe, kills her daughter and tries to kill her other three children also.
✔︎ The novel won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1988 & was finalist for the 1987 National Book Award. During 1998, adapted into a movie.
✔︎During 2006, a New York Times survey of the writers & literary critics ranked it as the best work of American fiction of the past 25 years.
✔︎ The Book's epigraph reads 'sixty Million and more, reads  dedicated to the Africans and their descendants who died as a result of the Atlantic slave trade.

 π‘³π’Šπ’”𝒕 π’π’‡ π‘ͺ𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔 :

1. π‘†π‘’π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ 
2. π·π‘’π‘›π‘£π‘’π‘Ÿ
3. π΅π‘’π‘™π‘œπ‘£π‘’π‘‘
4. π‘ƒπ‘Žπ‘’π‘™ 𝐷 
5. π΅π‘Žπ‘π‘¦ 𝑆𝑒𝑔𝑔𝑠
6. π‘†π‘‘π‘Žπ‘šπ‘ π‘ƒπ‘Žπ‘–π‘‘
7. π‘†π‘β„Žπ‘œπ‘œπ‘™ π‘‡π‘’π‘Žπ‘β„Žπ‘’π‘Ÿ 
8. π»π‘Žπ‘™π‘™π‘’
9. π‘€π‘Ÿ. & π‘€π‘Ÿπ‘ . πΊπ‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘›π‘’π‘Ÿ
10. π‘€π‘Ÿ. & π‘€π‘Ÿπ‘ . π΅π‘œπ‘‘π‘€π‘–π‘›
11. π΄π‘šπ‘¦ π·π‘’π‘›π‘£π‘’π‘Ÿ
12. π‘ƒπ‘Žπ‘’π‘™ 𝐴, π‘ƒπ‘Žπ‘’π‘™ 𝐹, & 𝑆𝑖π‘₯π‘œ
13. πΏπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘¦ π½π‘œπ‘›π‘’π‘ 
14. πΈπ‘™π‘™π‘Ž
15. π»π‘œπ‘€π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘‘ & π΅π‘’π‘”π‘™π‘Žπ‘Ÿ
 π‘Ίπ’–π’Žπ’Žπ’‚π’“π’š ( π‘¬π’™π’‘π’π’‚π’π’‚π’•π’Šπ’π’ )

                     Mr. and Mrs. Garner owns a Sweet Home, a farm where they use the slave labor of Pau Paul A, Paul D, Halle and They treat their bor of Paul F. Paul D , Halle and Sixo. They treat their slave with respect..... asking for ideas too. Sethe, a young female slave is bought and she married Halle with Garner's permission. They have two sons and a daughter before Mr. Garner's death.

                  Halle bought his mother's freedom before his death and Baby Suggs, at the age of 60, becomes a free woman.....rents 124 Bluestone Road and becomes a spiritual leader. Mrs. Garner becomes very ill after her husband's death....she invites school teacher and his two nephews.....to manage. School teacher and his nephews are different than Garners... Introduce whipping, torture, humiliation & dehumanising of the slaves... Mrs. Garner too I'll to take heed... The Slaves decide to flee via the Underground Railroad, Sethe is pregnant again sends her two year old daughter and two older sons with some other slaves... Halle does not arrive....on time.....Sethe stays behind to look for him but she is caught by school teacher's nephews..... seduced her... Halle was hiding in the loft... had a view of the attack on her.... Doesn't come to her aid.... Insane....Paul D watched Halle,..... but doesn't know about what's happening to Sethe.... Halle sits down calmly. Sethe manages to escape but......she finds Amy Denver...

                    Who helps her... Infant is named Denver, last name of Amy. Sethe reaches her mother-in-law's home with newborn & overjoyed to be reunited with other three children. Baby Suggs & Sethe host a picnic for neighbours.....  One day, School teacher & one of his nephew, Sheriff & slave catcher arrive to bring Sethe & Children back to Sweet Home.

                    Sethe recognizes School teacher's hat.... Attempts to murder her children rather than allow them to live the kind of life in slavery she had led.... She succeeds in killing her two year old daughter by slitting daughter by her throat.... if Stamp Paid had not caught the baby Denver then she would have killed her too. Boys are severely beaten on their heads with a shovel. Howard and Buglar, nursed back to health by their grandmother while Sethe is jailed.....Denver also goes with her..... imprisonment After imprisonment, she returns with Denver to Baby Suggs A FA home and meet Howard & Buglar. Soon it becomes apparent that the spirit of the murdered child haunts the house. Howard & Buglar are so affected by this.....they leave home as they reach their teens. 

                  Sethe works at Sawyer's restaurant for most the day.... for most the day... Denver, a lonely & quite child brought up by mother & lonely & quite grandmother. Denver is seven, Lady Jones teaches Local children in her home and Denver also joins them, she leaves when one of children asking about the murder of her older sister. Baby Suggs dies. soon after the leaving of Howard andBuglar from 124. Eighteen years after the murder, Paul D arrives in town. rives in He also attempted to flee from Sweet Home, but caught and sold to Brandywine....he tried to kill him.... Led to imprisonment.... Escaped from the prison.... When he was rootless, came to Sethe's home. He wins both and talks them into going to colored day at the carnival.

                     When they return home, they discover a young, very tired, discover a young, very nattily dressed black woman waiting for them. Paul D and Denver see that the girl only needs sleep and water. Beloved who seems to have no memory other than her name, incorporated...much to Paul D. She becomes davoted to Sethe and follows her....Beloved's obvious interest in seducing Paul D makes him so uncomfortable he moved into the shed. Beloved seems simple, talks little, doesn't know how to do much, acts childishly except when it comes to Paul D.


                    Stamp Paid and Paul D are moving pigs towards the slaughter house, Stamp Paid shows him the newspaper erim the newspat article about Sethe's murder. Stamp reads the article to Paul D. When Paul D confronts Sethe, she explains him that she was trying to save her children from the torments of slavery. Paul D complains that her kind of loving is too thick for him..... disengage his life from for a while. Sethe eventually loses her job....Denver knows that Sethe cannot take care of them anymore and implores Lady Jones to find her a job. Unable to find a job, Lady Jones does make certain the as does make community shares with the family..... Community members leave some food in their yard......... is certain By this time, Paul D starts living in the basement of the town's storefront church. Sethe is becoming Beloved's slave.....their relationship becomes more intense.... Beloved grows increasingly abusive, manipulative... Sethe is obsessed with satisfying Beloved's demands and making her understand why she murdered her. 
  
                       Denver leaves the premises of 124 and goes to Bodwins to seek work. When Bodwins arrives to pick up Denver for work... Sethe thinks Mr. Bodwin is schoolteacher.... has come to take her children back to slavery. She rushes towards him with the ice pick in her hands.... Beloved disappears on that because and never return. Sethe falls ill under the shock of Beloved's disappearance.

                    Paul D comes back and resumes his residence in Sethe's home.... tries to convince Sethe that " You , your best thing Sethe. People have forgotten Beloved like an unpleasant dream. 

 π‘Ίπ’šπ’Žπ’ƒπ’π’π’” : 

➪ Sethe's scar- physical cruelty of slavery....
➪ Paul D's tobacco tin- instead of heart, he has a tobacco tin where he keeps all the painful memories and emotions of past.
➪ Free 
➪ The Color Red.
➪ Ohio River
➪ Etc....

 π‘ͺπ’π’π’„π’π’–π’”π’Šπ’π’ :

               Beloved concludes with a group of women from the local community converging on 124 to ward off the ghost that has been haunting it. After Beloved disappears, Paul D returns to the house intending to make amends. He finds Sethe lying in the bed where Baby Suggs died, distraught by Beloved's sudden disappearance.

                                                    THANK YOU

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